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SELECTED SPEAKER at the Third Conference of the International Network for the Sociology of Sensibilities (RedISS), Politics of Sensibilities and Poverty : Between Criticism and Utopias - WORK GROUP 15 : Emotions and Narrations.
October 28th 2025
Lecture : “Deserted Cities of the Heart”
by Marco Bucchieri - Author, visual artist and writer
The street is cold, its trees are gone.
The story's told the dark has won.
Once we set sail to catch a star.
We had to fail, it was too far.
On this dark street the sun is black.
The winter life is coming back.
On this dark street it's cold inside.
There's no retreat from time that's died.
(The Cream, 1968)
The concepts of "regard" and "care" elaborated by Martin Heidegger in "Letter on Humanism" (1947), indicate a relationship with things and with nature that is completely different from the modality we follow in the frenetic life of today, which takes place in a behavioral system where the watchwords are running, producing, being successful, reducing downtime (i.e. free time, which would instead be living time) to compete, but also to intervene, modify, structure and restructure. In reality, only letting it be (a prerequisite for not doing) arouses authentic respect, which is realized when we leave something, or someone, free to exist in its true essence and which, if read in the sense of expressing attention and respect towards others and towards the places where we live, towards the spaces in which we reside or that we use and take care of, also becomes the fundamental feature of living. We care about beautiful things, we have respect, we don't want to ruin them, a sense of fulfillment arises in our thinking (and turns into an existential approach) that we want to protect because (sometimes obscurely) we know that being in the "Beautiful", inhabiting the beautiful, frequenting the beautiful, is a magnificent and terrible condition, precisely because it makes us fear loss.
But, as we regularly do with nature (now almost to the extreme consequences), a strange desire to act is often growing in us, and this desire leads to the destructive. We do it with people and we also do it with houses, with homes, with cities. Conditioned by the demon and pathos of acting at all costs, not only we maintain and multiply with unconscious suffering the dynamics of exploitation that the system proposes to us and that we follow, producing, working and obsessing over times and rhythms that are foreign to our possibility of human management, but we no longer even realize that these dynamics move back and forth without the time to breathe, indeed, taking away our breath, taking away those same economic tools that are granted to us in exchange for such a breathless and often meaningless life. There is something insane in a system of life where the very idea of Care seems to express an unknown meaning, even etymologically, thus excluding even an immediate capacity for response.
In the famous poem "The Ballad of the Reading Gaol", Oscar Wilde writes "Yet every man kills the thing he loves", referring to the fate of another inmate in the Reading prison who is sentenced to death for having killed his wife, but in fact reflecting on his own experience and his disastrous fate and wanting to mean that everyone is conditioned by a form of internal drive, from an unknowable part of our nature that leads us to want to ruin the very things that have meant the most to us, the most beautiful things, the strongest loves, the most memorable situations because they are rich to perfection, as Beauty can corrupt our sense of perspective, from every point of view, even from the moral one.
"[...] Yet every man kills the thing he loves. You can see it in everyone. Some do so with a bitter look. Some with a flattering word. The coward does it with a kiss. The brave man with a sword!"[1]
But this also happens with the most important places which, after all, are those that also give our living the sense of authentic Beauty, even if this sense does not belong to the constitutive lines of formal or stylistic perfection, according to canons that can be universally shared.
In fact, every time we ask ourselves about a correct definition of what Beauty actually is, how we can identify, seek and find it and, above all, make it last in our perception, making its power and its characteristics become part and outline of our life, we feel something that escapes from the center of control that we have called into question.
Too many things, in fact, in our limited ability to interpret the world act to conform to an appropriate, universally understandable and usable, and above all definable concept, and make us unable to produce it.
If we think to the places where we live, but also to those where we would like to live, and their importance (conferred by the idea of Beauty that we pursue in our desires), at the very moment in which we try to frame them, this idea of Beauty that we have built for ourselves, is subjected to a thematic confusion that borders on areas in which ideas and sensations alternate and contradict each other, and history, geography, social and political investigation lead the signs of this confusion into elaborations and projects from which our living emerges as an element of an impracticable landscape.
It would almost seem that the historical and political dimensions have over time blocked thought only in a logic of construction, where Oscar Wilde's phrase takes on a truly desperate meaning, first because it is absolutely recognizable and then because the absurdity of certain architectures, the uninhabitability of certain houses, the conformation of certain cities, the urban horror of certain squares and monuments, and the refusal perpetuated for decades to adapt urban spaces to a sensible common life, express even more than the abdication of the idea of Beauty, in fact, the attempt to destroy it. To kill him, precisely.
When the dominant power (which excludes us from choices and decisions) forces us to run our existence in non-places, non-cities, non-spaces and non-houses, chasing unrealizable ideals and fantasies generates further frustration and anger for an alien present and a disturbing future, and at that point one of the few possibilities to interpret and understand the livable (and the habitable)) that emerges from this landscape, remains delegated to Art.
Canadian photographer Jeff Wall, who is also an art historian and is globally considered one of the greatest contemporary artists, is best known for his use of the light box technique, taken from the American commercial architecture. Inside these boxes, backlit frames sometimes of enormous dimensions, Wall builds real mise en scène, creating cinematic sets with real actors on stage.
They are photos that reproduce real events, childhood memories, or literary texts, but also masterpieces of painting entirely recreated or quoted in some detail, always inserted in situations of contemporary everyday life, which freeze with an incredible amount of details a very specific moment : that moment in which something has already happened (or is about to happen) and which seem to provoke the imagination of the observers to think about what could have happened before the moment represented and what could happen immediately after.
Jeff Wall, in his essay on the work of American conceptual artist Dan Graham (who was also an architect) analyzes, among other things, how Graham's works investigates the relationship between public and private architecture and the ways in which each space influences behavior.
"In 1966 Graham, in his article "Homes for America", had placed the central dialectic of minimalism between the awakened movement of interest in social discourse, in the direct implication of the architectural container[...] redesigning Pop Art in the grim and gray style of Factography to present an image of the miserable consequences of the architectural thought of the post-war era: the house-barracks [...] The text of the article[2] discusses the development of barracks-houses after the Second World War. The persistent comparison of the new suburbs with a barrack or a prison."[3]
That's precisely our landscape, what we frequent, what contains us, the set of places deprived of love for beauty, reduced to the sense and perspective of a prison because of our lack of respect and care...
The architectural perspective analyzed in an art-historical way offers multiple keys of interpretation and also places reflections on elements that, influencing the constructive logic of urbanization (and sub-urbanization) over the years, have generated a change of critical points and related points of view, where the human factor that every artistic practice inevitably places at the center of a certain vision agitated by the imagination, is then activated on a practical level as the creation of a new imaginary.
It is easier to understand the meaning of the glass architecture that would break into the urban landscape of the new industrial world of the city after the First World War, exploring the vision of what would be its main protagonist, the German architect Mies van der Rohe, who could not help but orient his many interests also from an artistic point of view. It is very interesting (and perhaps it also helps to understand a little how great was the cultural ferment of that era) to note that Van der Rohe was close to the Dada circles, and participated keenly in the activities of the Novemberguppe, a kind of avant-garde collective that wanted to bring together all the arts under the wings of great architecture, which had as members painters such as Grosz, architects such as Gropius, and musicians such as Erich Mendelssohn.
The large structures with glass facades that Van der Rohe began to build in the 1930s were not designed for residential architecture but rather for the tall towers of offices of companies and banks, but, shortly after, his focus turned to the creation of very luxurious homes, and these surfaces imposed an innovative sense of great modernity, of technological and also conceptual progress thanks to the explicit reference to transparency.
Van der Rohe, favoring the elements of clarity, openness, cleanliness and lightness that he proposes with the use of materials that are also economically sustainable, expresses a message that has poetic and spiritual value, and which can be summarized in the famous "less is more" and "almost nothing".
In the following period (1923) the idea of a German social revolution vanished, the New Objectivitymovement highlighted "how a liberal state based on technology and bureaucracy did not lead to a pacification of the social framework and freedom, but to the enrolment of all citizens in mechanisms of abstract control"[4]
When Van der Rohe moved to America in the 1940s, and the glass tower quickly became the symbol of the new neo-capitalist city, its presumed transparency took on a disturbing and empty appearance, an absolute symbol of power and authority and, completely rooted in everyday life, inaugurated a new era, more sophisticated and complex, and much more misleading of oppression.
This new civilization of glass, a material that, in the words of Walter Benjamin, should have erased any aura, being the enemy of secrecy and imposing transparency, resting its density on humanity and in fact marking the end of the civilization of the bourgeois intérieur, made up of screens between an outside and an inside, with heavy curtains, shadows, hiding places, as hypothesized in the visionary pages of "Glass Architecture" by Paul Scheerbar (1914), only a manifesto of that corporate functionality, between glass and concrete, which has invaded the world since then but which is now senescent.
In the urban context that this business and production functionality has helped to generate over the last few decades, a paradox occurs that amplifies the foreignness that we sometimes experience. As long as we live in it, walk in it and see things from a human height, relative, not appropriate (in fact) to the surrounding dimension, our presence remains confined to the looming of the buildings, and reduces the gaze to the flattening of the contrast, shadow/light. In the hurried life of a working day in Milan, for example, or in New York, as darkness advances and shadows collapse from the tops of skyscrapers, our frame of reference is reduced to a prism of diagonal lines, and the growth of artificial lights further modifies perceptions, reducing the external outline to a kind of vague semblance of dark shapes, from which emerges the place where we are, our home, the place where we are going by car, the underground aspect, in a certain sense, of things.
But among the prerogatives of traveling by train there is also the possibility of changing one's point of observation by physically placing oneself in a different perspective, thanks also to the fact of being on the move, and thus being able to see (thanks to the slowness that the entrance to the main railway stations allows) with different eyes the landscapes that characterize the industrial areas in the suburbs of large cities and the commercial areas, which often also invade large portions of urban centers. From these landscapes made up of agglomerations of glass buildings, that reverberate in the sun or in electric lights their absence of human content, appears the sense of defeat caused by the delocalization that took place due to Covid emergence, and the consequent recourse to the new return home (in effect a reverse migratory movement) created by smart-working.
So this uninhabited landscape, which offers the observer glimpses of deserted offices and interior furnishings that seem abandoned as in ghost towns, and on which the large writings "FOR RENT" or "FOR SALE" stand out, is added to that set of prison-houses (or barracks) already in focus, within which domestic life, daily existence, in turn delocalized by the economic impossibility of living in central areas, where spaces and general conditions of use of the city in a positive sense are unattainable, unravels in a series of contexts where not only has Beauty been removed (also because it has never been known), but the initial concepts of Care and Regard have totally lost their meaning.
The aforementioned end of the civilization of the bourgeois interieur, due to the continuous social and technical upheavals that occurred between the two wars and in the period following the second, - when history and political and geographical divisions led to decisive contrasts and further loss of sense of individuality subjected to increasingly distant and all-encompassing powers - created a new social reality. A proletarian class and a middle-bourgeois class that have ended up confusing each other and, thus forced between suburban and unattainable asceticism or incomprehensible vertical explosion of urban centers, has developed conflicts aimed at sacrosanct options of dignified survival, but effectively expelling any sensitivity, and considering it superfluous to live in pleasant contexts, where interior volumes, furnishings and objects form emotional dimensions that through care should to give meaning to existence.
The German photographer Thomas Ruff, in the series "Interiors" of the late 70s, investigates with apparent simplicity but with an evident sense of detachment and "documentary" spirit, a series of interiors and domestic scenes of his family's home in Dusseldorf, in the search for a suspended time through that elementary sensitivity in the furnishings, and in the details that are always decorous but from which a culture of the essential but not of the accurate seems to emerge.
Nothing strange, in fact; Ruff is a little younger than me but the generation is the same.
My childhood memories in the homes of relatives, very quickly trace this kind of environment, clean, dignified, but devoid of feelings, as if those that existed between the people of the family (especially addressed to children) had exhausted the possibility of developing them for the furnishings and for the things that had to add emotional value to the house. Unless the latter represented an element of status to be shown to any visitors, and to be pleased with (I am reminded of the huge Allocchio-Bacchini radio that dominated my grandparents' house, and in front of which my grandfather officiated the ritual of changing programs by moving the knobs and producing mysterious sounds and frequencies, receiving the excited admiration of the family and of the ladies of the palace gathered for the occasion).
The protagonist of the novel "La Vita Agra" by Luciano Bianciardi (1962), emigrated to Milan in the midst of the Economic Miracle from a village in the Maremma, "wanders through the fog of the city suffering a solitary existence in the rejection of consumerism that the city embodies, with its many expanding activities and its fever for profit. He, on the other hand, has an anarchist-revolutionary project: to blow up "the glass and cement tower" symbol of power, that is, the headquarters of a mining company (Montecatini) responsible for the death of some miners in Ribolla, in the Grosseto area. Its offices are located in a skyscraper in the center, to be exploded with the right combination of air and methane."[5]
But the growing turmoil of the protagonist, Luciano (the writer's alter ego), who lives in perpetual balance between the desire to blow up the system and the desire to be recognized by it, will not allow him to carry out the attack, and, on the contrary, will progressively push him to fully adhere to the social profile that he would have liked to destroy, and this not for a conversion but only to obey his own selfishness. It is significant, however, that at the end of the story Luciano, now captured by the comforts of consumerism, buys a large apartment and furnishes it with a fashionable, functional, but soulless style, in which, after all, he is not even interested.
He is indifferent because he has perhaps, finally, understood that in order to satisfy the many needs he did not even know he had, paying such a high price as the loss of humanity is not acceptable.
But redemption cannot be achieved with bombs: "Now I know that it is not enough to unleash the Italian political-social-entertaining leadership. The revolution must begin much further away, in interior appointments."[6]
But while Luciano, who has also conceptually become an element of the urban landscape, lives in an apartment that, although luxurious, is comparable to prison-houses, and sets to work to repopulate his "deserted cities of the heart", the inner appointments are not enough to stop the anonymous narrator of "Fight Club".
In Chuck Palahniuk's 1996 novel, brought to the screen in 1998 with enormous success by director David Fincher, and starring Edward Norton and Brad Pitt, the protagonist starts exactly from the point where Luciano arrives in Vita Agra, and makes his journey backwards. Initially he is the stereotype of the average citizen, frustrated by work, a slave to consumerism with a single form of happiness and leisure: furnishing his apartment, in which he lives alone. "Like many others, I too had become a slave to the IKEA nest trend. [...] If I saw something as ingenious as a yin yang shaped table , I had to have it. The modular office staff by Klipsk, the exercise bike by Hovetrekke, the Ohamshab sofa with green stripes by Strinne, even the Ryslampa lamps made of unbleached paper for a relaxing environment. I leafed through those catalogs and asked myself "what kind of living room characterizes me as a person?". I had everything. Then you are trapped in your beautiful nest and the things you once owned, now possess you."[7]
But he loves and at the same time hates things, he loves and hates the mini-portions that characterize his life, but he does not love his life, not being aware of alternating two personalities and when, gradually the second (which is the main one) emerges and takes power over his actions, destroying everything he has, his house and every object he loved without taking the slightest care of it, The story proceeds as in a double hallucination.
The central point of the story is very well known: the protagonist is involved by a certain Tyler Durden (who is himself, but is not yet aware of it), in the creation of the "Fight Club", a secret club whose members take part in violent fights with each other, in a basement of a bar. Although the first rule of Fight Club is "We don't talk about Fight Club", the number of participants every night increases more and more: they are all salaried or blue-collar employees dissatisfied with their living conditions.
In the finale, the protagonist (and also his alter ego, Tyler Durden) is on the 191st floor of an imaginary skyscraper, the Parker-Morris Building, the tallest building in the world, which overlooks the entire business district of a boundless city, waiting for the entire skyline of power, of which (Tyler Durden) has previously carefully undermined every foundation of every single building, jumps in the air.
And the world of business and bad things actually jumps, at least in the film, or maybe not; It's not clear, but it doesn't matter, and after all we don't care. Care and respect for beauty are not attributable to a single possible choice, and, after all, the very concept of beauty, like that of care, is a ductile, maneuverable, modifiable and flexible element.
But as this disconcerting ending of Fight Club progresses, there are two phrases that emerge and remain to characterize the entire story:
Protagonist: The old saying "Yet every man kills the thing he loves", e... it also applies the other way around! In two minutes, the main charges will trigger those in the foundations and several blocks will be reduced to a pile of rubble. I know this because Tyler knows it.
Tyler: Two and a half minutes... Think about everything we have concluded.
Protagonist: And suddenly I realize that all this: the gun, the bombs, the revolution... it has something to do with a girl named Marla Singer.
And this is actually the beginning of the novel (and of the film) because at the end, when everything explodes, the girl, Marla Singer, is right there, next to the protagonist who tells her: "You met me at a very strange time in my life". The city no longer exists, but the cities of his heart are no longer empty and deserted.
__________
[1] Oscar Wilde, The Ballad of Reading Gaol, trans. L.Sanfilippo, Feltrinelli, Milan, 2023
[2] which is actually a conceptual work of art as an imitation of a classic magazine article, in the same way that Lichtenstein imitated comics (ed.)
[3] Jeff Wall, Gestus, curated by Stefano Graziani, Quodlibet, Macerata, 2013
[4] Jeff Wall, ibid. 81
[5] Chiara Ferrari, Luciano Bianciardi's Bitter Life. Milan, an economic miracle location, for Bibliomanie.it. Literatures, historiographies, semiotics, 30, no. 5, July/September 2012
[6] Luciano Bianciardi, La Vita Agra, Feltrinelli, Milan, 2013
[7] Chuck Palahniuk, Fight Club, trans. by Tullio Dobner, Mondadori, Milan, 2004
ITALIAN VERSION
The street is cold, its trees are gone.
The story's told the dark has won.
Once we set sail to catch a star.
We had to fail, it was too far.
On this dark street the sun is black.
The winter life is coming back.
On this dark street it's cold inside.
There's no retreat from time that's died.
(The Cream, 1968)
